แพ็คเกจ โปรเน็ต TRUE: เบอร์ใหม่ สิงหาคม 2566

  โปรโมชั่นเน็ตที่คุณรอคอย การเชื่อมต่อกับโลกดิจิทัลไม่เคยสำคัญเท่าที่เป็นในปัจจุบัน โดยเฉพาะในช่วงสิงหาคม 2566 นี้ ทรูมูฟเอช ได้นำเสนอแพ็คเกจ โปรเน็ต TRUE ที่น่าตื่นเต้นมาพร้อมกับเบอร์ใหม่เพื่อให้คุณพลาดไม่ไปกับการเชื่อมต่อที่รวดเร็วและความสะดวกสบาย เรามาทำความรู้จักกับแพ็คเกจน่าสนใจนี้กันดีกว่า!

Repairing Your Own Machine Components

Many industrial concerns have workshops of their own. For the repair of worn shafts, the lathe machine is excellent. Keyway slots can be machined by using a milling machine, while a shaping machine can do machining of large flat areas. A drilling machine does drilling of holes.

A skilled Maintenance Engineer should know how to use all these machines in order to make his own repairs in a safe manner. Very often he has to supervise machinists. The information below should be useful for that purpose.

Lathe Machine

The lathe machine uses a single-point-cutting tool for a variety of turning, facing, and drilling jobs. Excess metal is removed by rotating the work piece over the fixed cutting tool to form straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, grooves, shoulders and screw threads. It can also be used for facing flat surfaces on the ends of cylindrical parts.

The work piece is clamped onto a horizontal rotating shaft by a 3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The latter chuck can be used to cut off-centered cylinders. The rotating horizontal spindle to which the chuck is attached is usually driven at speeds that can be varied.

The cutting tool is fixed onto a tool rest and manipulated by hand. It can also be power driven on straight paths parallel or perpendicular to the work axis. This is useful for screw cutting.

Internal turning known as boring results in the enlargement of an already existing hole. The holes are more accurate in roundness, concentricity, and parallelism than drilled holes. A hole is bored with a single-point-cutting tool that feeds along the inside of the work piece.

Shaping Machine

The shaping machine is used to machine flat surfaces, grooves, shoulders, T-slots, and angular surfaces with single-point tools. The cutting tool on the shaper oscillates, cutting on the forward stroke, with the work piece feeding automatically toward the tool during each return stroke.

Drilling Machine

The drilling machine is used to cut holes in metal with a twist drill. By changing the cutting tool, they can be used to do reaming, boring, counter boring, countersinking, and threading.

Milling Machine

The milling machine uses a rotating cutting tool to cut flat surfaces, grooves, and shoulders, inclined surfaces, dovetails, and T-slots. Cutters of many shapes are changed to cut different grooves.

Cutting Tools

Metal-cutting tools are classified as single point or multiple point. The lathe and shaping machine use single point cutting tool while the milling and drilling machines use multiple-point-cutting tools.

Metal is cut either by moving the work piece like in the lathe or by moving the tool like in the shaping machine, drilling or milling machine. Clearance angles must be provided to prevent the tool surface below the cutting edge from rubbing against the work piece. Rake angles are often provided on cutting tools to cause a wedging action in the formation of chips and to reduce friction and heat.

Tool Materials

In order to remove chips from a work piece, a cutting tool must be harder than the work piece and must maintain a cutting edge at the temperature produced by the friction of the cutting action.

Carbon Steel

Carbon steel tools even though comparatively inexpensive tend to lose cutting ability at temperatures around 400 degree F (205 degree C).

High-Speed Steel

High-speed steel, containing 18 percent tungsten, 4 percent chromium, 1 percent vanadium, and only 0.5 to 0.8 percent carbon, permits the operation of tools twice or three times the speeds allowable with carbon steel

Cast Alloys

Cast-alloy cutting-tool materials containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten are effective in cutting cast iron and retaining their cutting ability even when red hot.

Cemented Tungsten Carbide

The hardness of Tungsten Carbide approaches that of a diamond. Tungsten carbide tools can be operated at cutting speeds many times higher than those used with high-speed steel.

Oxides

Ceramic, or oxide, tool tips consist primarily of fine aluminum oxide grains, which are bonded together. These are very hard.

Cutting fluids

An overheated tool can become blunt and soft very fast. Therefore very often, cooling fluids cools the cutting points of the tool. This serves to lubricate and cool.

Water is an excellent cooling medium, but it corrodes ferrous materials. Sulfurized mineral oil is one of the most popular coolants as it can both cool as well as lubricate. The sulfur prevents chips from the work from melting on to the tip of the tool.

Popular posts from this blog

Hybrid Tuk-Tuks are coming

For years tuk-tuks have ruled the streets of Bankok and other south-eastern Asiatic countries. In recent years western cities start to discover the tuk-tuk as an alternative for taxis. Sustainable tuk-tuks are the next thing. In many countries tuk-tuks play an important role in daily transport for commutors and other people. Tuk Tuks may not look like the most sophisticated and confortable form of transport. Especially in crowded cities they have a lot of advantages. They are quite flexible, very maneuverable and can turn around in one lane of traffic with room to spare. But they also have a potential for being a sustainable better alternative for transport modes such as taxis. In recent years cities in the western world discovered the qualities of the tuk-tuks. For instance in England (cities like Brighton) experimented we the tuk tuk. But it seems that the Netherlands is the first country in the western world where this mode of transport really has a potential to become a success. In...
Read more

2007 AFC Asian Cup

Image
Host selection The decision to have four host nations for this edition of the Asian Cup was proposed and presented to the executive committee by AFC president Mohammed Bin Hammam . However, he later regretted this decision and called it his "mistake", citing the financial and logistic difficulties in organising an event across four countries. He said that "It is proving very difficult for [the executive committee as they] have to have four organising committees, four media centres and there are also financial considerations." He also revealed that "[He would] definitely [not do] it [again]," if he had the choice. In June 2005, the Asian Football Confederation warned Thailand that it needed to improve its facilities before 2007, otherwise it would be dropped, possibly being replaced with Singapore . On August 12 of the same year, the AFC confirmed that Thailand would be a co-host of the 2007 Asian Cup. [1] However in October 2006, Thailand was again warned...
Read more

Asian Football Confederation's 2007

The Asian Football Confederation 's 2007 AFC Asian Cup finals are currently being held from July 7 to July 29 , 2007 . For the first time in its history, the competition is being co-hosted by four nations: Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand and Vietnam . The Asian Cup had previously been held every 4 years from 1956 onwards, the last cup being held in China in 2004. However, with the Summer Olympic Games and the European Football Championship also held in the same year as the Asian Cup (2004, 2008, 2012 etc.), the AFC decided to change their tradition and hold the tournament in 2007, and every four years henceforth from that date. This is the first major AFC tournament in which Australia will participate as member. Australia was the first non-host nation to qualify.
Read more